View source for China Tobacco

{{More citations needed|date=April 2019}}
{{short description|Chinese state-owned tobacco manufacturer and regulation agency}}
{{Infobox company
| name = China Tobacco
| native_name = 中国烟草
| logo = China Tobacco logo.gif
| type = [[Government agency]]<br>[[State-owned enterprise]]
| area_served = China
| key_people = Zhang Jianmin (张建民 <br>Director of State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, President of China National Tobacco Corporation)
| industry = [[Tobacco]]
| products = [[Cigarette]]s
| owner = Chinese Central Government
| parent = [[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]]
| foundation = January 1982
| location = 55 South Yuetan Street, [[Xicheng District]], [[Beijing]], [[China]], 100045
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.tobacco.gov.cn}}
}}
[[File:PearlRiverTower_Jan.jpg|thumb|[[Pearl River Tower]], the new office in [[Guangzhou]]]]

The '''State Tobacco Monopoly Administration''' ({{zh |s = 国家烟草专卖局 |Guójiā Yāncǎo Zhuānmài Jú }}) or '''China National Tobacco Corporation''' ([[doing business as|commonly known as]] '''China Tobacco''', '''CNTC''') ({{zh |s = 中国烟草总公司 |p = Zhōngguó Yāncǎo Zǒnggōngsī }}) is a Chinese government agency responsible for tobacco regulation and a [[Government-owned corporation|state-owned]] manufacturer of [[tobacco]] products, operated by the [[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]] of China. It enjoys a virtual [[monopoly]] in China, which accounts for roughly 40% of the world's total consumption of [[cigarette]]s, and is the world's largest manufacturer of tobacco products measured by revenues. It exports a small proportion of its production, mostly to Asian markets.<ref>[https://tobaccotactics.org/wiki/china-national-tobacco-corporation/ "China National Tobacco Corporation"], TobaccoTactics website by the Tobacco Control Research Group of the University of Bath (retrieved on 1 July 2021).</ref>

==Organization==
CNTC is the same entity as the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) of China, an agency of the [[Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]].<ref name="Overview">{{cite web |title=China Tobacco Overview |url=http://www.tobacco.gov.cn/html/10/1004.html |publisher=STMA & CNTC}}</ref> The organization is responsible for enforcing the tobacco [[monopoly]] in China, and operates as the [[state-owned enterprise]] China Tobacco for marketing, production, distribution, and sales of tobacco products.<ref>Todd, Anne, [http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/jan07/turning.htm "Turning Over a New Leaf"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529064542/http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/jan07/turning.htm |date=2007-05-29 }}, USDA Rural Development, January 2007. Report on Tobacco Production in China.</ref> [[Branch office]]s of the company are affiliated under provincial bureaus of tobacco monopoly.<ref name="Overview"/>

Although a national behemoth with 98% of the domestic market, the organization trickles down locally.<ref>Martin, Andrew, [http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-12-11/the-chinese-government-is-getting-rich-selling-cigarettes "The Chinese Government Is Getting Rich Selling Cigarettes"], ''[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]'', December 11, 2014.</ref> China Tobacco contracts out orders to smaller, local factories.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} In turn these factories fill orders and deliver them for distribution to China Tobacco's distribution chain. The smaller local factories pay a sort of tax to China Tobacco, but keep much of their profit. In turn, retail [[Distribution (marketing)|distributors]] buy cigarettes from China Tobacco, and the profits realized from those sales is in turn taxed by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration.

==Regulation==
Advertising in print, radio, and television has been banned in China, and outdoor ads require prior approval provided they are not in one of nearly 100 local jurisdictions where outdoor tobacco ads are banned. These restrictions have forced China National into a strategy that harkens back to the 60's and 70's in the [[United States]]; with "[[cigarette girl]]s", attractive women dressed in brand logos, handing out samples, lighters, and promotional material in front of clubs and bars. Another form of circumvention is printing outdoor advertisements in the name of another entity, the latter's name being clearly printed on the material. For example, the Hongtashan brand mentioned above has recently published their new climbing-themed advertisements through a Hongtashan [[Climbing club|Climbing Club]].

There is also an [[Tobacco control movement|anti-smoking]] lobby that is currently small but growing. In recent years, legislation from politicians have increased, banning smoking in many enclosed public areas. The press in China has not been silent either; numerous editorials criticizing smoking on everything from health to pollution have become more and more common place.

==History==
{{Advert section|date=April 2019}}
A major objective of China Tobacco and the STMA has been [[modernization]]. As recently as the 1980s, China's independent tobacco factories used outdated equipment to the extent that some processes were even carried out by hand. To accomplish their goal of modernization, the STMA allowed a small number of foreign companies into the country, in exchange for modern equipment. Though deals generally favored China, it allowed foreign companies to gain hard-to-come-by connections within China, and at high levels within the tobacco monopoly itself. The acceptance of foreign competition sparked a massive demand for tobacco production equipment in the 1990s, which has since slowed. However, major factories in China now count their production of cigarettes in tens of thousands per hour.

At the same time, China Tobacco has consolidated its factory base; currently, there are 130 cigarette factories in China, compared with a 1997 number of 180. To further their goal of consolidation China Tobacco plans to reduce the number of factories below 100 in the near future. This has led to increased efficiency within the industry, allowing for greater production and brand variety than were possible before. In fact, many brands made by only one or two small regional factories have been licensed to large factories, becoming nationwide successes.

==Brands==
China Tobacco, like many other tobacco companies, produces a plethora of [[brand]]s – over 900, the largest of which, [[Hongtashan]] (Red Pagoda Hill), accounts for only 4% of total sales.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} China tobacco also markets premium brands, notably [[Chunghwa (cigarette)|Chunghwa]]. Despite the existence of such premium brands premium cigarettes are uncommon in rural areas.

Trends in cigarette buying have not been lost of China either. In recent years several varieties of cigarettes targeted at women have been released (breaking a longstanding [[taboo]]). Varieties common internationally are just as common in China: Unfiltered, Filters, Lights, Ultra Lights, 100's, and 120's are all available in a variety of brands.

Foreign brands are to this day not unknown in China, since their introduction with the advent on China Tobacco and the STMA.  [[Marlboro (cigarette)|Marlboro]], {{ill|Dji Sam Soe 234|lt=234|id|Dji Sam Soe|vertical-align=sup}}, [[Camel (cigarette)|Camel]], [[Kool (cigarette)|Kool]], [[Lucky Strike]], [[State Express 555|555]],  and a variety of other brands can all be found throughout major cities in China. However, while these cigarette brands are marketed as premium brands outside of China, within China these cigarettes are made locally under license or joint venture. Foreign sales make up only 3 percent of the Chinese market, yet accounts for 51 billion cigarettes every year.

==See also==
*[[Smoking in China]]
*[[World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control]]
*[[List of companies of China]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.tobacco.gov.cn/html/index.html}}

{{State Council of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Big five tobacco companies}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:China Tobacco| ]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1982]]
[[Category:Retail companies of China]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Government agencies of China]]
[[Category:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of China]]
[[Category:Tobacco companies]]