View source for Cigarette packets in Australia

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2016}}
[[File:Australian cigarette pack with health warning December 2012.jpg|thumb|250px|A sample package: a variety of warning packages are in use.]]
'''Cigarette packets in Australia''' have undergone significant changes. Since 1 December 2012, all forms of branding [[logo]]s, colours, and promotional texts are banned from [[cigarette]] pack designs. In turn they were replaced with [[Olive (color)#Opaque Couch.C3.A9|drab dark brown]] packets ([[Pantone 448 C]])<ref>Rachel Wells (17 August 2012). [http://www.theage.com.au/national/does-this-colour-turn-you-off-20120816-24bf4.html Does this colour turn you off?]. ''[[The Age]]''. Retrieved on 7 December 2012.</ref> and graphic images of smoking-related images to try to reduce the smoking population of Australia to 10% by 2018 from 15% in 2012.

In addition to other public health measures, packaging requirements have further decreased the prevalence and uptake of smoking,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chipty|first=Tasneem |url=https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/study-of-the-impact-of-the-tobacco-plain-packaging-measure-on-smoking-prevalence-in-australia.pdf|title=Study of the Impact of the Tobacco Plain Packaging Measure on Smoking Prevalence in Australia |year=2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Underwood|first1=David|last2=Sun|first2=Sizhong|last3=Welters|first3=Riccardo A. M. H. M.|date=December 2020|title=The effectiveness of plain packaging in discouraging tobacco consumption in Australia|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32958901/|journal=Nature Human Behaviour|volume=4|issue=12|pages=1273–1284|doi=10.1038/s41562-020-00940-6|issn=2397-3374|pmid=32958901|s2cid=221841840 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/DS/435RS1.pdf|title=WT/DS435/R/Suppl.1, WT/DS441/R/Suppl.1, WT/DS458/R/Suppl.1, WT/DS467/R/Suppl.1 AUSTRALIA – CERTAIN MEASURES CONCERNING TRADEMARKS, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND OTHER PLAIN PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING REPORTS OF THE PANELS Appendices|publisher=[[World Trade Organization]]|year=2018|pages=D39|language=en}}</ref> and have reduced cigarette sales in Australia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/435_441abr_e.pdf|title=WT/DS435/AB/R, WT/DS441/AB/R AUSTRALIA – CERTAIN MEASURES CONCERNING TRADEMARKS, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND OTHER PLAIN PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING AB-2018-4 AB-2018-6 Reports of the Appellate Body|publisher=[[World Trade Organization]]|year=2020|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
In 1973, Australia's first [[Warning label|health warning]] on cigarette packages appeared with the simple message 'WARNING — SMOKING IS A HEALTH HAZARD'.<ref>Scollo, Michelle & Haslam, Indra (2008). [http://www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au/chapter-12-tobacco-products/attachment-12-1-health-warnings "Attachment 12.1 Health warnings"]. Tobacco in Australia. Cancer Council Victoria. Retrieved 30 November 2012.</ref> Since 1 March 2006, graphic images depicting the effects of smoking cigarettes have been required to be displayed on cigarette packets. Warnings must cover 30% of the front and 90% of the back of the box.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smoke-free.ca/warnings/Australia-warnings.htm|title=Australia – Warnings|work=www.smoke-free.ca|date=1 March 2006|accessdate=30 November 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122110109/http://www.smoke-free.ca/warnings/Australia-warnings.htm|archivedate=22 November 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The 10% of the back not occupied by a warning is used for the message "Sale to underage persons prohibited".

Since 1 December 2012 all forms of branding logos, colours, and promotional texts are banned from cigarette pack designs. The requirement is for [[plain cigarette packaging]] showing only brand name and health warning messages. Australia was the first country to have plain packaging cigarette packs.<ref name="BBC News - Australia plans plain-packaging rule for cigarettes">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8650520.stm |title=Australia plans plain-packaging rule for cigarettes |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=29 April 2010 |accessdate=30 November 2012}}</ref> At the same time the plain packets were introduced, the size of the anti-smoking images became larger, so the two effects are difficult to separate.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gage |first1=Suzi |title=Standardised cigarette packaging is on its way, will it reduce smoking? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/sifting-the-evidence/2017/apr/27/standardised-cigarette-packaging-is-on-its-way-but-will-it-reduce-smoking |accessdate=7 July 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=27 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Canada was the first country to use graphic pictures in conjunction with written warnings on cigarette packages, with the legislation coming in 2000.<ref>Haines-Saah, R. J., Bell, K., & Dennis, S. (2015). A [http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302362 Qualitative Content Analysis of Cigarette Health Warning Labels in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States]. [[American Journal of Public Health]], 105(2), e61-9. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302362</ref>

==Development around the world==
{{Main|Plain tobacco packaging}}
[[File:Plain packaging.svg|thumb|right|upright=2|
{{legend|#FF0000|Plain packaging}}
{{legend|#FFA8A8|Passed into law, but not yet in force}}]]
{| class="wikitable"
|+History of plain tobacco packaging
!Year 
!Countries where plain packaging law comes into force (retail level)
|-
|2012
|{{flag|Australia}} (1 December)
|-
|2017
|{{flag|France}} (1 January), {{flag|United Kingdom}} (21 May)
|-
|2018
|{{flag|New Zealand}} (6 June), {{flag|Norway}} (1 July), {{flag|Ireland}} (30 September)
|-
|2019
|{{flag|Thailand}} (9 December), {{flag|Uruguay}} (22 December)
|-
|2020
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} (1 January), {{flag|Slovenia}} (1 January), {{flag|Turkey}} (5 January), {{flag|Israel}} (8 January), {{flag|Canada}} (7 February), {{flag|Singapore}} (1 July), {{flag|Netherlands}} (undefined as of yet at the retail level)
|-
|2021
|{{flag|Belgium}} (1 January)
 
|-
|2022
|{{flag|Hungary}} (1 January)

|-
|2023
|{{flag|Georgia}} (1 January)
|}
Following Australia's lead a number of other countries also require standardized packaging including [[France]] (applies to cigarettes sold after 1 January 2017), [[United Kingdom]] (21 May 2017), New Zealand (6 June 2018), [[Norway]] (1 July 2018) and [[Ireland]] (1 October 2018).

[[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]] are, respectively, the second and third country to have introduced plain tobacco packaging after Australia.

As a result of the enactment of the December 2015 plain tobacco packaging bill, on 1 January 2017 [[France]] became the second country in the world, after Australia, and the first in the [[European Union]] to require tobacco products to be sold in [[plain tobacco packaging|plain packaging]].<ref>
[http://www.fctc.org/fca-news/opinion-pieces/1413-france-and-uk-join-australia-as-plain-packing-leaders France and the UK join Australia as plain packing leaders]</ref>

In March 2015, the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] voted 367–113 in favour of plain cigarette packaging in the [[United Kingdom]]. The sale of plain packs is compulsory since 21 May 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/mar/11/mps-pass-legislation-introduce-standardised-cigarette-packaging|title=MPs pass legislation to introduce standardised cigarette packaging|last=Perraudin|first=Frances|date=2015-03-11|website=The Guardian|access-date=2016-05-27}}</ref>

==Warnings==
{{main|Tobacco packaging warning messages}}
For cigarette packets, warnings include:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
* Smoking causes peripheral vascular disease
* Smoking causes emphysema
* Smoking causes mouth and throat cancer
* Smoking clogs your arteries
* Don't let children breathe your smoke
{{col-break}}
* Smoking - A leading cause of death
* Quitting will improve your health
* Smoking harms unborn babies
* Smoking causes blindness
* Smoking causes lung cancer
{{col-break}}
* Smoking causes heart disease
* Smoking doubles your risk of stroke
* Smoking is addictive
* Tobacco smoke is toxic
{{col-end}}
With each warning is an accompanying graphic, and detailed information on the back of the packet. In addition, [[cigar]] and [[Shag (tobacco)|loose tobacco]] packets show other, slightly altered warnings. These warnings target the misconception that alternative, non-cigarette tobacco products are less harmful.

There have been calls to expand the range of warnings to reflect current research into the effects of smoking, such as impacts on fertility.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Tegan |title=Everyone knows smoking causes lung cancer, but what about infertility and arthritis? |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2018-07-09/smoking-graphic-warning-label-refresh-to-improve-risk-knowledge/9947728 |accessdate=9 July 2018 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=9 July 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>

Australian cigarette packaging laws also prohibit the use of terms such as 'light', 'mild', 'extra mild', etc. The three major Australian tobacco manufacturers agreed to stop using these terms, after investigation of complaints of misleading and deceptive terms were made to the [[Australian Competition & Consumer Commission]] (ACCC) in 2005.<ref>Liberman, Jonathan (2008). [http://www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au/chapter-16-litigation/16-2-other-litigation-involving-the-tobacco-indust "16.2.1 ACCC action on 'light' and 'mild' cigarettes"]. Tobacco in Australia. Cancer Council of Victoria. Retrieved 30 November 2012.</ref> This has assisted in counteracting the belief that some cigarette varieties are less harmful than others. To the same effect, while the carbon monoxide, nicotine and tar content of particular brands of cigarettes used to be mandated, the display and/or advertisement these figures is now prohibited under the government's "All Cigarettes are Toxic" campaign.

In 2014, an population-wide, interrupted time-series analysis concludes there was a significant increase of calls to [http://www.quitnow.gov.au/ Quitline] in some states<ref>Young, J., Stacey, I., Dobbins, T., Dunlop, S., Dessaix, A., & Currow, D. (2014). Association between tobacco plain packaging and Quitline calls: a population-based, interrupted time-series analysis. Medical Journal of Australia, 200(1), 29-32. {{doi|10.5694/mja13.11070}}</ref> not attributable to other factors that would suggest plain packaging might encourage smokers to attempt or at least seek help with quitting smoking.

In 2018, the [[World Trade Organization]] (WTO) Panel Report on Australia's Tobacco Plain Packaging (TPP) policy determined that "there is some econometric evidence suggesting that the TPP measures, in combination with the enlarged GHWs implemented at the same time, contributed to the reduction in wholesale cigarette sales, and therefore cigarette consumption, after their entry into force" and that, overall, the decrease in cigarette sales accelerated after TPP measures based on a review of the evidence regarding tobacco sales.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/DS/435R.pdf|title=WT/DS435/R, WT/DS441/R, WT/DS458/R, WT/DS467/R AUSTRALIA – CERTAIN MEASURES CONCERNING TRADEMARKS, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND OTHER PLAIN PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOBACCO PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING REPORTS OF THE PANELS|publisher=[[World Trade Organization]]|year=2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

In 2020, an [[Appellate Body|World Trade Organization Appellate Body]] (WTOAB) assessment of the Panel's findings upheld the findings of the Panel regarding the effect of TPP on reducing smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption, concluding that "while the appellants may disagree with the Panel's review of the factual evidence, as well as its conclusion, the Panel's explanation for how it reviewed the evidence and its reasons for its ultimate conclusion are quite clearly expressed. There is no doubt, in our view, about how and why the Panel concluded that "[t]he downward trend in cigarette sales in Australia appears to have accelerated in the post-TPP period."<ref name=":1" />

==See also==

{{Portal|Australia}}
*[[Plain tobacco packaging]]
*[[Tobacco packaging warning messages]]
*[[Health effects of tobacco]]
*[[Tobacco advertising]]
*[[Cigarette pack]]
*[[Pantone 448C]]
{{-}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:2012 in Australia]]
[[Category:Cigarette packaging]]
[[Category:Smoking in Australia]]
[[Category:Gillard Government]]