Gitanes

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Gitanes
File:Gitanes brand logo.png
Product typeCigarette
Produced byImperial Tobacco
CountryFrance
Introduced1910; 114 years ago (1910)
MarketsSee Markets
Previous ownersAltadis
Carcinogenicity: IARC group 1

Gitanes (pronounced [ʒi.tan], "Gypsy women") is a French brand of cigarettes, owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco following their acquisition of Altadis in January 2008, having been owned by SEITA before that.

History

Gitanes was launched in 1910 in four different versions, all of which were filterless. In 1918, Gitanes Maïs were introduced, which were a success in the rural areas of France. In the 1930s, the first graphic ads for Gitanes appeared. In 1956, the first filtered Gitane variant was introduced. In 1981, the "Light" versions are first marketed. In 1986, the first Gitanes Blondes were launched, which had become available internationally in 1987. However, they were a commercial failure.[1] In 1988, the first "Extra light" versions were marketed. In 1991, Gitanes ultra lights were introduced. In 1990/1991, a simultaneous launch of a new version of Gitanes Blondes ultra light were brought on the market.[1]

File:Gitanes Blanc (Full Flavour).jpg
A 2006 French pack of Gitane, with a warning reading "Smoking kills"

Gitanes are sold in many varieties of strengths and packages. The cigarette was originally made with a darker or brun (brown) tobacco, in contrast to the more widespread blonde. In honour of the name, the packet shows the silhouette of a Spanish gypsy woman playing the tambourine.[2]

There is a distinction between the "blonde" style of the current Gitanes, and the classic style of Gitanes Brunes, both of which are sold in Europe and South America (most commonly in Argentina and Chile). The classic Gitanes Brunes tobacco achieved its characteristic and distinctive "bite" by using a fire-flued method of curing the tobacco, and a "rice" type of rolling paper which differs from most other cigarettes. The result was a cigarette which had both a strong flavor and a distinctive aroma.

Gitanes Blondes are available, filtered, in Light and Regular. The Gitanes Brunes are available in 70mm versions, filtered and unfiltered. In 2010, the size and content of the regular Gitanes were reduced.Template:Fix/category[citation needed] Gitanes Maïs (corn) are made with yellow corn paper.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

Production in France was halted, with one factory remaining operational in the Netherlands. This was mainly due to the rise on tobacco levies imposed by the French Government in the wake of enforced EU health directives, which has forced up the price of French cigarettes to the level of those in the US, with the more aggressively promoted brands such as Marlboro now taking the majority market share.[3]

The 1990s were particularly successful for Gitanes in terms of brand engagement. In an effort to increase awareness, the brand began sponsoring motor-sports such as Formula One racing and the Dakar Rally. These activities helped to attract a wider range of potential customers while avoiding any dilution of the brand image and thus retained the loyalty of its more artistic core customer base.[1]

In July 2016, the French government considered a ban on both the Gitanes and Gauloises cigarette brands because they were deemed "too stylish and cool". The ban would also apply to brands including Marlboro Gold, Vogue, Lucky Strike and Fortuna. It is the result of a new public health law based on a European directive that says tobacco products "must not include any element that contributes to the promotion of tobacco or give an erroneous impression of certain characteristics". Four major tobacco companies have written to the government seeking clarification on the potential law, calling for an urgent meeting to discuss the details of the plan. In the letter they accuse French health minister Marisol Touraine of an "arbitrary and disproportionate" application of EU directives.[4][5][6][7][8]

Since the 1930s, many advertisements have been made to promote the Gitanes brand.[9][10][11][12][13]

Packaging

The first art-deco packet design was produced by Maurice Giot in 1927. An image of a Gypsy dancer, designed by Molusson, first appeared on the cigarette packets in 1943. In 1947, Max Ponty refined the figure to a silhouette to create an image that is still in use today on the Gitanes Blonde packet. The dancer silhouette was reworked by many famous poster designers, including Savignac in 1953 and Morvan in 1960.[14][15] The boxes have always featured the colours black, blue and white.

Motorsport sponsorship

Formula One

The 1980 Ligier JS11/15 being demonstrated at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed

Gitanes had a long-standing partnership with the Equipe Ligier team. Following the acquisition of the Matra Formula One team's assets, Ligier entered Formula One in 1976 with a Matra V12-powered car, and won the 1977 Swedish Grand Prix with Jacques Laffite. This is generally considered to have been the first all-French victory in the Formula One World Championship.[16]

In total the team won 8 races, got 47 podiums and earned 373 points during their partnership with Gitanes. In 1996, the sister company Gauloises became the new sponsor, ending a partnership that lasted 19 years.[17]

In 1997 the team was sold to Alain Prost and became Prost Grand Prix in 1997. Prost GP, despite substantial financial backing by large private French companies, failed to make the team competitive and went bankrupt in 2002.

Sports cars

After retiring from racing following the death of his friend Jo Schlesser, Guy Ligier decided to found his own team and had engineer Michel Tétu develop a sports car named the JS1 (Schlesser's initials). The Cosworth-powered JS1 took wins at Albi and Montlhéry in 1970, but retired at Le Mans and from the Tour Automobile de France.[18]

For 1971, Ligier had the JS1 developed into the JS2 and JS3. The JS2 was homologated for road use and used a Maserati V6 engine, while the JS3 was an open-top sports-prototype powered by a Cosworth DFV V8 engine. The JS3 won at Montlhéry in 1971 but failed to finish the minimum distance in Le Mans. Therefore, it was retired,[19] and Ligier installed the Cosworth DFV in the JS2 road car, finishing second overall at Le Mans in 1975.[20] Guy Ligier then switched his efforts into Formula One.

Dakar Rally

Gitanes also sponsored various teams in the Dakar Rally from its first season in 1979 until tobacco sponsorship was banned by the French government.[17][21][22][23]

Popular culture

In cinema

In the 1958 french film Ascenseur pour l'échafaud the character Julien Tavernier, played by Maurice Ronet, smokes Gitanes in several scenes.

In the 1971 crime film Get Carter, Michael Caine's character Jack Carter can be seen smoking Gitanes in various scenes throughout the film.[24]

In Hayao Miyazaki's 1992 film Porco Rosso, the titular character is often seen smoking Gitanes throughout the film. In one scene the packaging is very visible, allowing the viewer to confirm the character's preferred brand.

In music

The cover of the album 1974 Dancing on a Cold Wind, by Carmen, and the cover of the album 1981 Shades, by JJ Cale, both use the Gitanes design.[25] The brand is mentioned in the song "Late Bloomer", from the album The Voyager, by Jenny Lewis: "She was smoking on a gypsy."Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

David Bowie smoked these in his persona of The Thin White Duke.[26]

Serge Gainsbourg was a heavy Gitanes smoker and always appeared in public with his packet of Gitanes in his hand. The book A Fistful of Gitanes is about his life and career.[27]

Slash, guitarist for Guns N' Roses, smoked the brand and has a tattoo of the Gitanes logo on his back.[1]

In books

The cigarettes appear prominently in Marc Behm's 1980 The Eye of the Beholder.[28]

The cigarettes appear prominently in Natasha Lester's 2020 The Paris Secret.

The cigarettes are also smoked by Phryne Fisher, the main character in the "Miss Fisher" crime novel series by Kerry Greenwood.Template:Fix/category[citation needed]

Markets

Gitanes is mainly sold in France, but also was or still is sold in Luxembourg, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Egypt, Martinique, Israel, United Arab Emirates and Argentina.[29][30][31][32][33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Champions of Design: Gitanes". Campaignlive.co.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  2. ↑ Mary Blume (17 February 1996). "Le Marketing:Face-Lift fora Cigarette". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ "Gauloises and Gitanes exit France". BBC News. 1 September 2005.
  4. ↑ "France considers ban on cigarettes that are 'too cool'". The Local France. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  5. ↑ "France may ban cigarettes that are 'too cool'". Independent.co.uk. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  6. ↑ Rahman-Jones, Imran (2 August 2016). "Small, White and Strong: How French Cigarettes Became the Coolest in the World". Medium.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  7. ↑ Webb, Sam (20 July 2016). "Cigarette brands once viewed as an icon of cool could be banned". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  8. ↑ Willsher, Kim (20 July 2016). "Smokers fume as France mulls ban on 'too cool' Gitanes and Gauloises". Theguardian.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  9. ↑ "Gitanes Cigarette Advertisement (Original)". Poster Museum. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  10. ↑ "gitanes cigarettes - Tumblr". Tumblr.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  11. ↑ "Vintage French Gitanes Cigarettes Advertisement Poster A3 Print". Vintage Poster Shop. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  12. ↑ "Gitanes cigarettes". Pinterest. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  13. ↑ "Gitanes Tabaco". Katnip.wordpress.com. 29 August 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  14. ↑ "Champions of Design: Gitanes". Marketingmagazine.co.uk. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  15. ↑ "30 Glorieuses". 30glorieuses.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  16. ↑ Chassis, engine and driver were French. The gearbox was British (Hewland) and the tyres American (Goodyear). Jean-Pierre Jabouille and Renault achieved victory at the 1979 French Grand Prix with an all-Renault car and Michelin tyres.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 service, Grandprix.com - First & fastest: The original online F1 news. "Grandprix.com". Grandprix.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  18. ↑ "1969 - 1970 Ligier JS1 - Images, Specifications and Information". Ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  19. ↑ "1971 Ligier JS3 Cosworth - Images, Specifications and Information". Ultimatecarpage.com. 23 November 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  20. ↑ "Le Mans Register - 1975". Formula2.net. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
  21. ↑ "Retro Review ESCI Renault R-5 Rally Car". Model Cars Magazine Forum. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  22. ↑ "Deco Gauloises & Gitanes". Pinterest. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  23. ↑ "Nissan Terrano T 1 St.Nr. 216 Granada/Dakar 1995 GITANES BLONDES Delavergne - FPM Modelcars". Fpm-modelcars.de. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  24. ↑ Johnson, Phil (6 September 1998). "Uneasy listening". The Independent. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  25. ↑ "Stubbed out: the 21 most iconic cigarette packets of all time". The Telegraph. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  26. ↑ Buckley, David (2015). David Bowie: The Music and The Changes. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1780-3898-82.
  27. ↑ "Serge Gainsbourg: A Fistful of Gitanes (New Expanded Edition)". Sylviesimmons.com. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  28. ↑ Behm, Marc (2017). The Eye of the Beholder. London: Arcadia Books Ltd. p. 73. ISBN 9781911350095.
  29. ↑ "BrandGitanes - Cigarettes Pedia". Cigarettespedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  30. ↑ "BrandGitanes Blondes - Cigarettes Pedia". Cigarettespedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  31. ↑ "BrandGitanes Internationales - Cigarettes Pedia". Cigarettespedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  32. ↑ "Gitanes". Zigsam.at. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  33. ↑ "Brands". Cigarety.by. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
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